A microgridas defined by Microgrid Knowledgeis a self-sufficient energy system that serves a specific geographical areasuch as a college campushospital complexbusiness centeror neighborhood.It incorporates various distributed energy resourcesincluding solar panelswind turbinescombined heat and powerand generatorsto generate power.Additionallymany microgrids now include energy storagetypically through batteriesand some even have electric vehicle charging stations.These microgrids are interconnected to nearby buildings and provide electricityand in some casesheat and coolingto their customers through advanced software and control systems.

What makes microgrids unique are their three key characteristics.Firstlymicrogrids are locally focusedmeaning they generate energy for nearby customers.This sets them apart from large centralized grids that transmit electricity over long distancescausing inefficiencies and energy loss.By generating power close to those it servesmicrogrids overcome these inefficiencies.They can have their generators installed near or within buildingsor in the case of solar panelson rooftops.

其次，微电网具有脱离中央电网独立运行的能力。这种孤岛能力使它们能够在风暴或其他灾难造成的停电期间向客户供电。中央电网，尤其是美国的中央电网，由于其广泛的输配电基础设施，很容易发生停电。线路跨越数百万英里。2003年的东北大停电证明了中央电网的脆弱性，因为一棵树倒在电线上导致大范围停电。微电网的孤岛能力可以防止此类级联故障，提供不间断的电力供应。

While microgrids can function independentlymost of the timethey remain connected to the central gridforming a symbiotic relationship.Howeverin remote areas or regions with an unreliable central gridmicrogrids may act as standalone systems.The advanced microgrid systems are equipped with an intelligent microgrid controllerwhich serves as the central brain of the system.This controller manages the generatorsbatteriesand nearby building energy systems with a high level of sophistication.It orchestrates various resources to meet the energy goals established by the microgrid's customerswhether it's achieving the lowest pricescleanest energyor superior electric reliability.

The microgrid controllerbeing a software-based systemcan manage energy supply in multiple ways.For instanceit can track real-time changes in power prices on the central gridas wholesale electricity prices tend to fluctuate constantly based on supply and demand.If energy prices are inexpensive at a given pointthe controller may decide to buy power from the central grid instead of using energy from its own resources.It could direct the microgrid's solar panels to charge its battery systems.Converselywhen grid power becomes expensivethe microgrid may discharge its batteries rather than relying on the central grid.This intelligent management of resources adds complexity and nuance to microgrid operationsfurther enhancing their efficiency and performance.

It is important to understand what a microgrid is not.Some people mistakenly refer to a simple distributed energy systemsuch as rooftop solar panelsas a microgrid.Howeverthe key distinction lies in the ability of a microgrid to continue providing power even when the central grid failswhich a standalone solar panel cannot do.Similarlysimple backup generators used in emergencies are not classified as microgrids.Microgridson the other handoperate 24/7/365 and actively manage and supply energy to their customers.

Microgrids have been in existence for several decadesprimarily utilized by college campuses and the military.Thereforethe total number of microgrids is still relatively small but is steadily growing.Market forecasts by Guidehouse (previously Navigant) project that the microgrid market will approach $39.4 billion by 2028.The installation of microgrids is expected to accelerate as the cost of distributed energy resources decreasesand concerns about electric reliability due to severe stormscyberattacksand other threats continue to rise.The global microgrid capacity is predicted to reach 19,888.8 MW by 2028a significant increase from the 3,480.5 MW recorded in 2019.As microgrids become more mainstreamthey offer a reliable and efficient solution to meet the energy needs of localized areas and enhance the resilience of the overall energy system.

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参考网站：https://www.microgridknowledge.com