Isitoreji samandla ezentengiselwano nezimboni kuwuhlobo olubalulekile lwesistimu yokugcina amandla ohlangothini lomsebenzisi olunikeza izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene. Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko yikhono layo lokwandisa izinga lokuzithenga le-photovoltaics (PV), elinciphisa izindleko zikagesi kubanikazi bezimboni nabezentengiselwano. Ngokufaka okokugcina amandla, amabhizinisi angagcina ngempumelelo amandla engeziwe akhiqizwe amasistimu awo e-PV phakathi nosuku futhi awasebenzise phakathi nezikhathi zokufunwa okuphezulu, kunokuthembela kugridi. Lokhu akwehlisi nje kuphela izindleko zikagesi kodwa futhi kusiza amabhizinisi onge ugesi futhi anciphise nentuthu ekhishwayo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zebhizinisi eziyinhloko zokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezentengiselwano nezimboni. Imodeli yokuqala ibandakanya amabhizinisi azifakela wona imishini yokugcina amandla. Nakuba lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zikagesi ngokuqondile, kudinga ukuthi abasebenzisi babhekane nezindleko zokuqala zokutshala izimali kanye nezindleko zonyaka zokulungisa imishini. Imodeli yesibili ibandakanya izinkampani zesevisi yamandla ezisiza abasebenzisi ngokufaka nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokugcina amandla. Kulo modeli, inkampani yesevisi yamandla itshala imali ekwakhiweni kwempahla yokugcina futhi inesibopho sokusebenza nokugcinwa kwazo. Abasebenzisi bezimboni nabezentengiselwano babe sebekhokhela izinkampani zesevisi yamandla ngezindleko zabo zikagesi.

Isitoreji samandla ezentengiselwano nezimboni sinwebele ezimeni ezihlukahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza. Ezinye zalezi zimo zifaka iziteshi zokushaja nokushintshanisa, izikhungo zedatha, iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G, amandla ogu lwechweba, nokushintshanisa amaloli asindayo. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene zigqamisa ukuguquguquka kwezinhlelo zokugcina amandla namandla azo okufaka isandla ezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni.

Isakhiwo sezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezentengiselwano nezimboni siqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa. Isistimu yokuguqula amandla (PCS) ivamise ukwakhiwa ngokuzimela ohlelweni lwebhethri. I-PCS ihlanganisa izingxenye ezifana namakhabethe axhunywe kugridi, ama-transformer, nemishini yokuqapha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isistimu yebhethri ifakwe esitsheni esihlanganisa amakhabethe ebhethri, amakhabethe ahlanganayo, nezinye izinto ezidingekayo. Kuhlanganisa nokunikezwa kwamandla, ukukhanyisa, ukulawula izinga lokushisa, ukulawula umswakama, ukuvikela umlilo, ukuphuma kokuphepha, namanye amayunithi wokulawula okuzenzakalelayo nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha. Ukwengeza, isiteshi sikagesi sidinga isimiso samandla esiteshi ukuze sinikeze amandla okuzisebenzisela indawo yokugcina amandla kanye nesiteshi esikhuthazayo ukuze sisize ngokuxhunywa kwegridi.

Lapho uklama uhlelo lokugcina amandla ezentengiselwano nezimboni, amaphuzu amathathu adinga ukucatshangelwa. Okokuqala, i-voltage yephakethe lebhethri kufanele ihambisane ne-voltage yesistimu ehlanganisiwe yomshini. Okwesibili, amandla agcinwe kuphakethe lebhethri kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo zomsebenzisi, njengokushintshwa kwesikhathi samandla kanye ne-peak-valley arbitrage. Okokugcina, lapho ukusebenza ngaphandle kwegridi kudingekile, isistimu kufanele ibale amandla ayisipele phakathi nezinsuku zemvula.

Ukukhethwa kwebhethri kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla ezentengiselwano nezimboni. Ngenxa yezidingo eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sokuphendula, amabhethri ohlobo lwamandla avame ukusetshenziswa. Lawa mabhethri anikeza ibhalansi phakathi kwezindleko, impilo yomjikelezo, nesikhathi sokuphendula. Inhloso yabo eyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuvamile lapho imisebe yelanga inganele. Umthamo wephakethe lebhethri ungaklanywa ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile kanye nezidingo zohlelo.

I-inverter yokugcina amandla ezohwebo nezimboni, noma i-PCS, idlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni. Isekelwe ekuguqulweni kwezindlela ezimbili futhi incane ngosayizi, okwenza kube lula ukuyihlanganisa nesistimu yebhethri. I-PCS inganwetshwa ngendlela evumelana nezimo ngokuya ngezidingo zohlelo. Inobubanzi be-voltage ebanzi kakhulu futhi ingakwazi ukumumatha izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri. Ngokungeziwe emisebenzini eyisisekelo, i-PCS futhi idinga ukuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi yosekelo lwegridi, njengokulawula okuyinhloko kwemvamisa kanye nokuthunyelwa okusheshayo komthombo, igridi, nemisebenzi yokulayisha. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi isistimu ingasabela ngokushesha ezinguqukweni zokufunwa kwamandla.

I-EMS (Energy Management System) ingenye ingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezentengiselwano nezimboni. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlelo azidingi ukwamukela ukuthunyelwa kwegridi, futhi imisebenzi yazo iyisisekelo ngokuqhathaniswa, igxile ekuphathweni kwamandla endawo. Kodwa-ke, i-EMS kumele isekele ukuphathwa kwebhalansi yebhethri, iqinisekise ukuphepha kokusebenza, inikeze impendulo esheshayo yezinga le-millisecond, futhi inike amandla ukuphathwa okudidiyelwe kanye nokulawulwa okumaphakathi kwemishini engaphansi yokugcinwa kwamandla.

Uma sibheka phambili, ukugcinwa kwamandla ezimbonini nezohwebo kulindeleke ukuthi kube nomjikelezo omusha wokukhula kusukela ngo-2023 kuya ku-2024. Isidingo samasistimu okugcina amandla kulo mkhakha sikhulu kakhulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Nakuba iphethini yokuncintisana emakethe ingakakheki ngokugcwele, imboni iyonke isonqenqemeni lokuqubuka. Makhulu amathuba okuthi isitoreji samandla ezentengiselwano nezimboni sibe umkhiqizo wokumisa ojwayelekile ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni nasezifundeni ezinkulu zezentengiselwano, okuholela endaweni ebalulekile yokukhula.

I-ACDC, njengenkampani egxile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, ibilandela ngenkuthalo isidingo semakethe samabhethri kagesi. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo sokugcina amandla ezentengiselwano nezimboni, i-ACDC yethule uchungechunge lwamabhethri okugcina amandla aklanyelwe lo mkhakha. Amabhethri ahlinzeka ngezinketho zokunweba ezimodulayo nezivumelana nezimo, idizayini ehlangene-konke enezixazululo ezihlanganiswe ne-AC, nokuqukethwe kwamandla ngokwezifiso ukuze kufane kahle nezidingo ezithile. Iphothifoliyo ebanzi ye-ACDC yezisombululo zokugcina amandla inika amandla isitoreji esisebenza kahle nesingabizi, ukusatshalaliswa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla lapho futhi nini adingeka kakhulu. Ngezinhlelo zochwepheshe kanye namaqembu ezicelo, i-ACDC isiza amakhasimende ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wesikhathi sonke samaphrojekthi awo, okuholela ezimweni zebhizinisi ezisezingeni lokutshalwa kwezimali ezisebenza njengesisekelo sokuhlela amaphrojekthi kanye nokuxhasa ngezimali. Ngendlela yokugxila kumakhasimende, i-ACDC ihlinzeka ngosekelo olusuka ekupheleni kuyo yonke inqubo.

Imikhiqizo ehlobene:

Ikhabhinethi Yesitoreji Samandla Asabalalisiwe Self-EN-215 - Uhlobo Lwamandla

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