El desarrollo y la implementación de microrredes inteligentes se basan en varias tecnologías clave. En primer lugar, es esencial el uso de nuevas tecnologías de generación de energía y energías renovables. Actualmente, las microrredes inteligentes dependen principalmente de diversas fuentes de energía renovables, como la energía fotovoltaica y eólica, así como del hidrógeno, el gas natural y el biogás. Estas tecnologías maduras de generación de energía permiten un suministro de energía diversificado y sostenible.

Secondly, energy storage plays a crucial role in microgrids. It helps to balance the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources by providing peak shaving and valley filling capabilities. Several energy storage technologies are currently being used, including battery energy storage, flywheel energy storage, superconducting magnetic energy storage, and supercapacitor energy storage. While lead-acid batteries are currently the most mature energy storage technology, they face issues such as short lifespan and lead pollution. However, the marketization of graphene batteries, which offer high energy, low cost, and high-quality performance, holds great promise for the future of energy storage in smart microgrids.

En tercer lugar, la optimización y el despacho de energía en las microrredes inteligentes difieren de las redes eléctricas tradicionales. Las microrredes inteligentes emplean una tecnología de despacho de optimización complementaria de energía múltiple horizontal. Esto permite la utilización eficiente de varios sistemas de gestión de energía, generando salidas térmicas, eléctricas y de frío. Además, permite la sustitución complementaria directa entre diferentes fuentes de energía, como luz/electricidad, calor/frío, viento/electricidad e intercambio de energía directa/CA. El despacho jerárquico y ordenado de energía en los enlaces fuente-almacenamiento-carga garantiza una eficiencia óptima en la utilización de la energía.

Lastly, smart microgrids require effective protection and control technologies. With multiple power sources and loads in operation, adjustments and control through the energy storage system or the external power grid are necessary to accommodate load changes and power supply fluctuations. The microgrid control center handles the regulation, switching, and control of these power supplies. It monitors the power parameters, switching status, power quality, and energy parameters of each new energy power generation system, energy storage system, and load. Additionally, the microgrid control center focuses on energy saving and improving power quality to enhance the overall performance of the smart microgrid.

The rapid development of smart microgrids is reshaping the traditional power grid landscape. These microgrids establish an exchange of energy with the larger power grid, serving as backups for each other. This active distribution network enhances the reliability of power supply by integrating the capabilities of distributed energy resources. Smart microgrids offer great potential in reducing energy consumption, improving power system reliability, and enhancing flexibility. As a result, microgrid technology has gained significant attention and is seen as a new direction for power system reform. The marketization process of key equipment in smart microgrids will accelerate the advancement and performance of these technologies.

Productos relacionados:

Almacenamiento de energía electroquímica FlexPIus-EN-512

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