智能微电网的开发和实施依赖于多项关键技术。首先，必须采用新能源和可再生能源发电技术。目前，智能微电网主要依靠光伏、风电等各种可再生能源，以及氢气、天然气、沼气等。这些成熟的发电技术可以实现多元化和可持续的能源供应。

Secondly, energy storage plays a crucial role in microgrids. It helps to balance the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources by providing peak shaving and valley filling capabilities. Several energy storage technologies are currently being used, including battery energy storage, flywheel energy storage, superconducting magnetic energy storage, and supercapacitor energy storage. While lead-acid batteries are currently the most mature energy storage technology, they face issues such as short lifespan and lead pollution. However, the marketization of graphene batteries, which offer high energy, low cost, and high-quality performance, holds great promise for the future of energy storage in smart microgrids.

第三，智能微电网的能源优化和调度与传统电网不同。智能微电网采用水平多能互补优化调度技术。这样可以有效利用各种能源管理系统，实现热、电、冷输出。此外，它还可以实现不同电源之间的直接互补替代，如光/电、热/冷、风/电、直/交流能量交换。源-储-荷环节能量分级有序调度，保证能源利用效率最优。

Lastly, smart microgrids require effective protection and control technologies. With multiple power sources and loads in operation, adjustments and control through the energy storage system or the external power grid are necessary to accommodate load changes and power supply fluctuations. The microgrid control center handles the regulation, switching, and control of these power supplies. It monitors the power parameters, switching status, power quality, and energy parameters of each new energy power generation system, energy storage system, and load. Additionally, the microgrid control center focuses on energy saving and improving power quality to enhance the overall performance of the smart microgrid.

The rapid development of smart microgrids is reshaping the traditional power grid landscape. These microgrids establish an exchange of energy with the larger power grid, serving as backups for each other. This active distribution network enhances the reliability of power supply by integrating the capabilities of distributed energy resources. Smart microgrids offer great potential in reducing energy consumption, improving power system reliability, and enhancing flexibility. As a result, microgrid technology has gained significant attention and is seen as a new direction for power system reform. The marketization process of key equipment in smart microgrids will accelerate the advancement and performance of these technologies.

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