Pembangunan dan pelaksanaan microgrid pintar bergantung pada beberapa teknologi utama. Pertama, penggunaan tenaga baharu dan teknologi penjanaan kuasa tenaga boleh diperbaharui adalah penting. Pada masa ini, mikrogrid pintar bergantung terutamanya pada pelbagai sumber tenaga boleh diperbaharui seperti tenaga fotovoltaik dan angin, serta hidrogen, gas asli dan biogas. Teknologi penjanaan kuasa matang ini membolehkan bekalan tenaga yang pelbagai dan mampan.

Secondly, energy storage plays a crucial role in microgrids. It helps to balance the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources by providing peak shaving and valley filling capabilities. Several energy storage technologies are currently being used, including battery energy storage, flywheel energy storage, superconducting magnetic energy storage, and supercapacitor energy storage. While lead-acid batteries are currently the most mature energy storage technology, they face issues such as short lifespan and lead pollution. However, the marketization of graphene batteries, which offer high energy, low cost, and high-quality performance, holds great promise for the future of energy storage in smart microgrids.

Ketiga, pengoptimuman dan penghantaran tenaga dalam mikrogrid pintar berbeza daripada grid kuasa tradisional. Mikrogrid pintar menggunakan teknologi penghantaran pengoptimuman pelengkap berbilang tenaga mendatar. Ini membolehkan penggunaan cekap pelbagai sistem pengurusan tenaga, merealisasikan keluaran haba, elektrik dan sejuk. Selain itu, ia membolehkan penggantian pelengkap langsung antara bekalan kuasa yang berbeza, seperti cahaya/elektrik, haba/sejuk, angin/elektrik dan pertukaran tenaga langsung/AC. Penghantaran tenaga yang hierarki dan teratur dalam pautan sumber-storan-beban memastikan kecekapan penggunaan tenaga yang optimum.

Lastly, smart microgrids require effective protection and control technologies. With multiple power sources and loads in operation, adjustments and control through the energy storage system or the external power grid are necessary to accommodate load changes and power supply fluctuations. The microgrid control center handles the regulation, switching, and control of these power supplies. It monitors the power parameters, switching status, power quality, and energy parameters of each new energy power generation system, energy storage system, and load. Additionally, the microgrid control center focuses on energy saving and improving power quality to enhance the overall performance of the smart microgrid.

The rapid development of smart microgrids is reshaping the traditional power grid landscape. These microgrids establish an exchange of energy with the larger power grid, serving as backups for each other. This active distribution network enhances the reliability of power supply by integrating the capabilities of distributed energy resources. Smart microgrids offer great potential in reducing energy consumption, improving power system reliability, and enhancing flexibility. As a result, microgrid technology has gained significant attention and is seen as a new direction for power system reform. The marketization process of key equipment in smart microgrids will accelerate the advancement and performance of these technologies.

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Storan tenaga elektrokimia FlexPIus-EN-512

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