Dünya nüfusu artmaya devam ettikçe elektriğe olan talep de artıyor. Ancak çözülmesi gereken çeşitli zorluklar var. Şu anda dünya çapında bir milyardan fazla insanın enerji şebekelerine erişimi yok; buna Kanada'da Kuzey Amerika elektrik şebekesine ve doğal gaz dağıtım boru hattı sistemlerine bağlı olmayan yaklaşık 200.000 kişi de dahil.

Doğal afetler ve aşırı hava olayları da elektrik kesintilerine yol açarak günlerce sürebilecek toplu elektrik kesintilerine neden oluyor. Üstelik iletim sisteminin bir bileşeninin arızalanması, tüm şebekeyi etkileyerek geniş çaplı elektrik kesintilerine neden olabilir.

To tackle these issues, the concept of microgrids has gained popularity. A microgrid is a energy system that can operate independently or in conjunction with larger grids. It contains all the necessary components to provide electricity to a specific community, typically serving a smaller population of around a thousand or a few hundred people. This approach decentralizes the power supply generation and distribution process, making it more resilient and less prone to grid failures.

Unlike large-scale energy grids that connect buildings to central power supply sources like coal, nuclear, and gas plants, a microgrid functions as an isolated island. This independence can prove beneficial during crises such as storms or outages. Many microgrids utilize a combination of renewable energy sources and batteries, with natural gas serving as backup. While microgrid power supply is not necessarily more reliable, communities located far away from larger power sources can benefit from the localized control and ownership of electricity generation.

Mikro şebekenin dikkate değer bir örneği, on yıldan fazla bir süre önce Japonya'nın Sendai kentinde inşa edilen örnektir. Bu mikro şebeke, güneş enerjisi, gaz ve pil depolamanın bir karışımı ile güçlendirilmiştir. 2011'deki yıkıcı tsunami ve deprem sırasında Sendai mikro şebekesi, Tohoku Fukushi Üniversitesi eğitim hastanesine güç ve ısı sağlayarak, yaygın elektrik kesintileri sırasında bile önemli hizmetlerin sürdürülmesini sağladı.

The impacts of power outages on society and the economy are significant, and the climate crisis exacerbates these challenges. Jana Ganion, energy director for Blue Lake Rancheria, an Indigenous reserve in California, emphasizes the urgent need for solutions, stating, "Widespread power outages cause a lot of social and economic damage and destruction. And the climate crisis is making all of this worse." Blue Lake Rancheria successfully launched a solar microgrid in 2015, providing electricity to thousands of people nearby when millions of Californians had their power supply shut off due to wildfire risk.

However, setting up a microgrid can be a costly endeavor, particularly in densely populated urban or suburban areas with existing infrastructure. Consumers tend to stick with what is already in place, and for the majority of Canadians, that means relying on hydroelectric power supply. Nuclear and coal plants are also significant power sources in the country. Raising the necessary capital for building power plants, whether they are traditional or microgrids, is challenging for some countries. The autonomy and self-sufficiency that microgrids offer can be especially relevant in such cases.

Kanada'da elektrik üretimi için büyük ölçüde dizel motorlu mikro şebekelere bağımlı olan yaklaşık 300 uzak topluluk var. Daha yeşil seçeneklere olan ihtiyacın bilincinde olan Kanada federal hükümeti, daha sürdürülebilir enerji çözümlerini keşfetmek ve uygulamak için son on yılda bölgesel kuruluşlarla birlikte çalışıyor. Mikro şebekeler, elektrik sağlamanın yanı sıra, arıtma sürecini güçlendirerek temiz içme suyuna erişimde de önemli bir rol oynayabilir.

In conclusion, the global demand for electricity continues to rise, and challenges such as lack of access to energy grids and disruptions caused by natural disasters persist. Microgrids have emerged as a promising solution, offering localized power supply generation and distribution systems that can operate both independently and in conjunction with larger grids. While establishing microgrids can be costly, they provide autonomy and resilience, especially in remote areas or during crises. Exploring greener options, such as renewable energy sources, battery storage, and natural gas backup, can make microgrids even more sustainable and beneficial for communities.

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Referans web sitesi: https://www.cbc.ca